Transformasi Digital Kota Baubau
Analisis Kerangka Kota Digital Kepulauan Berbasis Daya Saing Digital (EV-DCI 2020–2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46891/kainawa.7.2025.45-59Kata Kunci:
Daya Saing Digital, EV-DCI, Kota Baubau, Kota Kepulauan, Transformasi DigitalAbstrak
Era transformasi digital telah menjadi determinan utama pembangunan daerah dalam mencapai visi Indonesia Emas 2045 dengan target 9 juta talenta digital pada 2030 dan penetrasi internet 82%, namun terdapat fenomena paradoksal di Kota Baubau yang mengalami degradasi signifikan daya saing digital meskipun Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara mengalami peningkatan kinerja. Kesenjangan penelitian terletak pada belum adanya kerangka transformasi digital yang adaptif untuk karakteristik kota kepulauan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia dan keterbatasan studi longitudinal tentang degradasi daya saing digital. Pertanyaan penelitian mengkaji kondisi faktual daya saing digital Kota Baubau dan strategi transformasi digital yang seharusnya dikembangkan untuk mencapai visi kota digital adaptif. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis kondisi faktual daya saing digital Kota Baubau dan merumuskan strategi transformasi menuju kota digital yang adaptif, berkelanjutan, dan memiliki literasi digital tinggi. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif-komparatif dengan studi kepustakaan, menganalisis data EV-DCI periode 2020–2025 melalui teknik analisis tren, profil wilayah, perbandingan dengan Kota Kendari dan median nasional, serta analisis kesenjangan. Temuan menunjukkan penurunan drastis skor EV-DCI dari 45,9 (2024) menjadi 35,8 (2025) dengan peringkat 102 dari 157 kota, disebabkan lima faktor sistemis: efek fragmentasi geografis, kesenjangan ketahanan infrastruktur, keterbatasan mekanisme pasar, problem koordinasi kelembagaan, dan kendala kapasitas adaptif. Hasil penelitian mengembangkan kerangka "Kota Digital Kepulauan" (Islands Digital City Framework) yang mengintegrasikan Digital Ecosystem Theory, Technology Adoption Theory, dan Digital Government Theory sebagai solusi kontekstual dengan paradigma mengubah tantangan geografis menjadi peluang inovasi digital. Kesimpulan menunjukkan perlunya implementasi bertahap dengan prioritas stabilisasi periode 2025–2026 dan konsolidasi 2027–2029 untuk mencapai target EV-DCI 42–45 poin, disertai rekomendasi pengembangan ekosistem inovasi terdistribusi dan penelitian empiris mixed-method untuk validasi framework di kota kepulauan lainnya.
Referensi
Alojail, M., & Khan, S. B. (2023). Impact of Digital Transformation toward Sustainable Development. Sustainability, 15(20), 14697. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014697
Alsanie, G. (2025). Investigating the Impact of Digitalization on Resource Use, Energy Use, and Waste Reduction Towards Sustainability: Considering Environmental Awareness as a Moderator. Sustainability, 17(9), 4073. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17094073
Angelidou, M., Karachaliou, E., Angelidou, T., & Stylianidis, E. (2017). Cultural Heritage in Smart City Environments. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, XLII-2/W5, 27–32. https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-2-W5-27-2017
Aprizal, A., Wiranatakusuma, D. B., & Razak, D. A. (2025). The Nexus Between Blue Economy and Sustainable Development: A Systematic Literature Review and Mapping Study. Journal of Economics Research and Social Sciences, 9(1), 47–64. https://doi.org/10.18196/jerss.v9i1.25954
Arcos-Guanga, A., Flor-Unda, O., Novillo-Villegas, S., & Acosta-Vargas, P. (2024). The Impact of Knowledge Spillovers on Economic Growth from a National Perspective: A Comprehensive Analysis. Sustainability, 16(15), 6537. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156537
Baggio, R. (2022). Digital Ecosystems, Complexity, and Tourism Networks. Dalam Z. Xiang, M. Fuchs, U. Gretzel, & W. Höpken (Ed.), Handbook of e-Tourism (hlm. 1545–1564). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48652-5_91
Bai, C. A., & Sarkis, J. (2023). Guest Editorial: Technology for Social Good. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 70(3), 1114–1123. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2023.3236520
Baldacchino, G. (Ed.). (2024). Archipelago Tourism Revisited: Core-Periphery Dynamics After the Pandemic. Taylor & Francis.
Bangsawan, G. (2023). Kebijakan Akselerasi Transformasi Digital di Indonesia: Peluang dan Tantangan untuk Pengembangan Ekonomi Kreatif. Jurnal Studi Kebijakan Publik, 2(1), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.21787/jskp.2.2023.27-40
Behera, B., Haldar, A., & Sethi, N. (2024). Investigating the Direct and Indirect Effects of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth in the Emerging Economies: Role of Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment, Innovation, and Institutional Quality. Information Technology for Development, 30(1), 33–56. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2023.2233463
Bhuyan, Md. S., Islam, Md. N., Ali, M. M., Rashed-Un-Nabi, Md., Alam, Md. W., Das, M., Roy, R., Das, M. K., Mojumder, I. A., & Mustary, S. (2022). Blue Economy Prospects, Opportunities, Challenges, Risks, and Sustainable Development Pathways in Bangladesh. Dalam Md. N. Islam & S. M. Bartell (Ed.), Global Blue Economy (hlm. 147–194). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003184287-6
Boikova, T., Zeverte-Rivza, S., Rivza, P., & Rivza, B. (2021). The Determinants and Effects of Competitiveness: The Role of Digitalization in the European Economies. Sustainability, 13(21), 11689. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111689
Bond-Smith, S. (2024). Diversifying Hawai‘i’s Specialized Economy: A Spatial Economic Perspective. Economic Development Quarterly, 38(1), 40–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/08912424231183941
Brunetti, F., Matt, D. T., Bonfanti, A., De Longhi, A., Pedrini, G., & Orzes, G. (2020). Digital Transformation Challenges: Strategies Emerging From a Multi-stakeholder Approach. The TQM Journal, 32(4), 697–724. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0309
Cave, D. (2020). Digital Islands: How the Pacific ICT Revolution is Transforming the Region. Pacific Regional Infrastructure Facility (PRIF).
Chen, Y., Wang, Z., & Ortiz, J. (2023). A Sustainable Digital Ecosystem: Digital Servitization Transformation and Digital Infrastructure Support. Sustainability, 15(2), 1530. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021530
Christou, P. A., & Pericleous, K. (2023). Domestic Tourism and the Domestic Tourist Experience. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 71(4), 659–676. https://doi.org/10.37741/t.71.4.1
East Ventures. (2024). Digital Competitiveness Index 2024. https://east.vc/report/east-ventures-digital-competitiveness-index-2024
East Ventures. (2025). Digital Competitiveness Index 2025: Driving AI and Innovation to Enhance Indonesia’s Digital Competitiveness. https://east.vc/report/east-ventures-digital-competitiveness-index-2025
Fleischmann, K., Welters, R., & Daniel, R. (2017). Creative Industries and Regional Economic Development: Can a Creative Industries Hub Spark New Ways to Grow a Regional Economy? Australasian Journal of Regional Studies, 23(2), 217–242.
Gawusu, S., Solahudeen Tando, M., Ahmed, A., Abdulai Jamatutu, S., Afriyie Mensah, R., Das, O., Mohammed, A.-L., Nandom Yakubu, I., & Ackah, I. (2024). Decentralized Energy Systems and Blockchain Technology: Implications for Alleviating Energy Poverty. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 65, 103795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2024.103795
Han, S., Kamaruddin, B. H. Bin, & Shi, X. (2025). The Intertwined Threads of Blue Economy, Inclusive Growth, and Environmental Sustainability in Transition Economies. Sustainability, 17(3), 1054. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17031054
Kauffman, R. J., & Techatassanasoontorn, A. A. (2010). New Theoretical Perspectives on Technology Adoption. Information Technology and Management, 11(4), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10799-010-0080-3
Liu, J., & Vigren, O. (2024). Managing Digital Transformation for Innovation: A Multi-level and Multi-dimensional Integrated Model for Managers (2024/18; Papers in Innovation Studies). https://journals.lub.lu.se/piis/article/view/27652
Lynn, T., Rosati, P., Conway, E., Curran, D., Fox, G., & O’Gorman, C. (2022). Digital Towns. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91247-5
Mahwish, R., Shad, M. K., Lai, F. W., & Hamad, S. (2025). Digitalization in Circular Economy: A Pathway to Sustainable Corporate Value Creation: A Conceptual Framework. Proceedings of the International Conference on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ICESG 2024), 303–329. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-358-0_23
Marcut, M. (2021). Multilevel Governance, Digital Transformation and Transformation of the State. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29561.19049
Meyer, C., Gerlitz, L., & Prause, G. (2024). Smart City and Smart Port Concepts: A Conceptualisation for Digital Small and Medium-Sized Port-City Innovation Ecosystems. Dalam I. Kabashkin, I. Yatskiv, & O. Prentkovskis (Ed.), Reliability and Statistics in Transportation and Communication (hlm. 41–53). Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53598-7_4
Mogaka, C. O. (2025). Optimizing Maritime Logistics for Sustainable Development in Kenya’s Blue Economy. Journal of Sustainable Development of Transport and Logistics, 10(1), 80–92. https://doi.org/10.14254/jsdtl.2025.10-1.5
Nonaka, I. (2023). Small Business on Small Islands: Exploring Entrepreneurial Orientation in SMEs in Malta [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Malta]. https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/113233
Nysveen, H., Pedersen, P. E., & Skard, S. (2020). Ecosystem Adoption of Practices Over Time (EAPT): Toward an Alternative View of Contemporary Technology Adoption. Journal of Business Research, 116, 542–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.01.014
Pranita, D., Sarjana, S., Musthofa, B. M., Kusumastuti, H., & Rasul, M. S. (2023). Blockchain Technology to Enhance Integrated Blue Economy: A Case Study in Strengthening Sustainable Tourism on Smart Islands. Sustainability, 15(6), 5342. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15065342
Rudge, P. (2021). Beyond the Blue Economy: Creative Industries and Sustainable Development in Small Island Developing States. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003011514
Saksono, H. (2013). Ekonomi Biru: Solusi Pembangunan Daerah Berciri Kepulauan Studi Kasus Kabupaten Kepulauan Anambas. Jurnal Bina Praja, 05(01), 01–12. https://doi.org/10.21787/JBP.05.2013.01-12
Saksono, H. (2020). Creative Hub: Upaya Menumbuhkan Kelas Kreatif dan Membangun Industri Kreatif di Kota Baubau. Kainawa: Jurnal Pembangunan dan Budaya, 2(2), 107–118. https://jurnal.kainawa.id/index.php/knw/article/view/51
Saksono, H., & Utami, K. J. (2024). Ekonomi Biru: Profil Kekayaan Laut dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Wilayah Kepulauan Sulawesi Tenggara (2019-2023). Kainawa: Jurnal Pembangunan dan Budaya, 6(2), 139–150. https://jurnal.kainawa.id/index.php/knw/article/view/82
Singh, S., Kshtriya, S., & Valk, R. (2023). Health, Hope, and Harmony: A Systematic Review of the Determinants of Happiness across Cultures and Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3306. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043306
Wibowo, A. (2024). Riset Kelanggengan Bisnis dalam Ekosistem Digital. Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik. https://penerbit.stekom.ac.id/index.php/yayasanpat/article/view/486
Unduhan
Diterbitkan
Terbitan
Bagian
Lisensi
Hak Cipta (c) 2025 Penulis
Artikel ini berlisensiCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
