Archipelagic Metropolitan Governance Model

A Case Study of Baubau City Towards Sustainable Transformation

Abstract

Archipelagic regions face unique challenges in sustainable development, such as limited accessibility, vulnerability to climate change, and disparities in interregional development. These conditions require a distinct approach compared to mainland areas. As it aims to transform into an inclusive Archipelagic Metropolitan, Baubau City is positioned at the heart of the archipelagic dynamics in Southeast Sulawesi. The concept of "metropolitan islands" has been identified but remains under-implemented in Indonesia, particularly regarding governance models tailored for archipelagic metropolitan areas. There is a research gap concerning governance models specifically designed for archipelagic regions. This study explores the development of a sustainable archipelagic metropolitan model. The novelty of this research lies in proposing the concept of an "Adaptive Islands Metropolis," integrating elements of urban resilience, archipelagic connectivity, and ecological innovation. A qualitative approach with a case study design in Baubau City is applied, utilizing thematic data from policies, statistics, and academic literature. Data analysis focuses on three key aspects: (1) spatial and demographic characteristics, (2) socio-economic dynamics, and (3) maritime functions as drivers of inclusive development. The findings reveal that Baubau's archipelagic metropolitan region encompasses 455 islands (33.74% of Southeast Sulawesi’s territory) with a population of 1,220,390 (43.68% of the provincial population). This indicates that Baubau City faces complex challenges in enhancing connectivity among the primary islands within a metropolitan area spanning 12,200.81 km². Although significant disparities in inter-island development exist, the population concentration of 43.68% of Southeast Sulawesi’s total population highlights substantial potential for development. Four key maritime functions are identified: economic, security-safety, social-organization, and innovation-driven metropolitan development. The significant disparity in the Human Development Index (HDI) (ranging from 66.94 to 79.00) underscores the need for equitable development strategies to promote maritime-based growth. In conclusion, Baubau’s transformation into a sustainable archipelagic metropolitan area requires adaptive strategies that combine enhanced connectivity, ecological urban innovation, and integrated island-based economic development. This model serves as a strategic solution to address archipelagic challenges and foster inclusive and sustainable development. The study recommends the establishment of an Archipelagic Metropolitan Coordination Agency, the development of maritime industry clusters, the strengthening of maritime economic clusters, the management of integrated infrastructure, the enhancement of inter-island connectivity through infrastructure and digital technology, and the implementation of inclusive policies based on archipelagic characteristics.